Sovereign Biographies

Ancient era

Urukagina

b. c. 2500 BCE

Last ruler of the 1st Dynasty of Lagash

Lugalzagesi

d. 2335 BCE

Sumerian King from c. 2370 - 2316 BC

Naram-Sin of Akkad

Ruler of the Akkadian Empire (c. 2254–2218 BC)

Ancient era

Gudea

c. 2200 BCE – c. 2200 BCE

Lord (Ensi) of ancient sumerian city state of Laga

Shulgi

d. 2045 BCE

Sumerian King of Ur

Ancient era

Shamshi-Adad I

1860 BCE – 1776 BCE

King of Mari (ca. 1808–1776 BCE)

Ancient era

Tukulti-Ninurta I

c. 1300 BCE – c. 1300 BCE

King of Assyria

Ancient era

Tiglath-Pileser I

c. 1200 BCE – 1076 BCE

King of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian period

Ancient era

Ashurnasirpal II

c. 1000 BCE – 859 BCE

Assyrian king

Ancient era

Shalmaneser III

c. 900 BCE – 824 BCE

Assyrian king

Ancient era

Sargon II

765 BCE – 705 BCE

King of Assyria (722-705 B.C)

Ancient era

Sennacherib

745 BCE – 681 BCE

King of Assyria

Ancient era

Esarhaddon

c. 800 BCE – 669 BCE

King of Assyria (8th cenutury BCE – 669 BCE)

Ancient era

Nebuchadnezzar I

c. 1200 BCE – 1104 BCE

King of Babylon

Nabopolassar

d. 605 BCE

King of Babylon (626-605 a.c)

Ancient era

Khafre

2612 BCE – 2530 BCE

Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of 4th dynasty

Ancient era

Mentuhotep II

c. 2100 BCE – 2013 BCE

Egyptian pharaoh of the 11th Dynasty

Ancient era

Ahmose I

1560 BCE – 1525 BCE

Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt

Ancient era

Amenhotep III

1400 BCE – 1351 BCE

Ninth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt

Ancient era

Ramesses III

1217 BCE – 1155 BCE

Egyptian pharaoh of the 20th dynasty

Ancient era

Kaleb of Axum

c. 450 CE – 540 CE

King of Aksum from 514 to 542

Ancient era

Astyages

c. 700 BCE – c. 600 BCE

The fourth and last king of the Medes (585–550 BC)

Ancient era

Cambyses II

559 BCE – 522 BCE

The second Achaemenid emperor (530–522 BC)

Bardiya

d. 522 BCE

Son of Cyrus the Great (died c. 522 BC)

Ancient era

Artaxerxes I

c. 500 BCE – 424 BCE

Sixth Achaemenid emperor (475–424 BC)

Ancient era

Mausolus

410 BCE – 353 BCE

Satrap of Caria from 377 BCE to 353 BCE

Artemisia II of Caria

d. 350 BCE

4th-century BC female ruler of Caria

Arsaces I of Parthia

d. 217 BCE

First Parthian king (247–217 BC)

Ancient era

Mithridates I of Parthia

195 BCE – 132 BCE

King of Parthian Empire from 165 to 132 BC

Ancient era

Orodes II

c. 70 BCE – 38 BCE

King of Kings, Arsaces, Great King

Ancient era

Musa of Parthia

46 BCE – c. 100 CE

Italian consort of Phraates IV

Ancient era

Shapur I

c. 300 CE – 270 CE

Second Sassanid emperor (r. 241–272)

Ancient era

Shapur II

309 CE – 379 CE

Sasanian emperor

Medieval era

Khosrow I

501 CE – 579 CE

Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire from 531 to 579

Ancient era

Bahram V

406 CE – 438 CE

The 15th Sassanid Emperor (421–438)

Medieval era

Yazdegerd III

624 CE – 652 CE

The 27th and last Sasanian emperor (632–651)

Ancient era

Suppiluliuma I

1375 BCE – 1335 BCE

Hittite king

Ancient era

Muwatalli II

c. 1300 BCE – c. 1300 BCE

Hittite king

Ancient era

Hattusili III

c. 1300 BCE – c. 1300 BCE

Hittite king

Ancient era

Jugurtha

160 BCE – 104 BCE

King of Numidia

Ancient era

Seleucus I Nicator

358 BCE – 281 BCE

General of Alexander and founder of the Seleucid dynasty

Ancient era

Antiochus III the Great

242 BCE – 187 BCE

Sixth Seleucid emperor (223–187 BC)

Ancient era

Ptolemy II Philadelphus

308 BCE – 246 BCE

King of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt (308–246 B.C.)

Modern era

Sayajirao Gaekwad III

March 31, 1863 – February 6, 1939

Indian Maharaja (1863–1939)

Ancient era

Narmer

c. 3200 BCE – 3050 BCE

Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period

Ancient era

Ashurbanipal

685 BCE – 631 BCE

Assyrian ruler

Ancient era

Alaric I

c. 400 CE – 410 CE

King of the Visigoths

Ancient era

Herod the Great

74 BCE – 4 BCE

King of Judea from 37/6 BCE to 4/1 BCE

Medieval era

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

December 26, 1194 – December 13, 1250

King of Sicily, Holy Roman Emperor (1194–1250, 1220–1250)

Medieval era

Harold Godwinson

1022 – October 14, 1066

Anglo-Saxon King of England in 1066

Early Modern era

Charles II of England

May 29, 1630 – February 6, 1685

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1630-1685)

Medieval era

Krishnadevaraya

January 17, 1471 – 1529

Vijayanagara emperor from 1509 to 1529

Modern era

Victor Emmanuel II

March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878

King of Sardinia (1849–1861) and King of Italy (1861–1878)