callings of the archive
Sovereign Biographies
Every archived life recorded as sovereign, ordered by their place in the ledger.
Contemporary era
Hamad II of Bahrain
b. January 28, 1950
King of Bahrain
Contemporary era
Mswati III
b. April 19, 1968
King of Eswatini
Contemporary era
Letsie III of Lesotho
b. July 17, 1963
King of Lesotho since 1996
Contemporary era
Haitham bin Tarik Al Said
b. October 11, 1955
Sultan of Oman since 2020 (born 1955)
Contemporary era
Felipe VI of Spain
b. January 30, 1968
King of Spain since 2014
Modern era
Isa II of Bahrain
June 3, 1933 – March 6, 1999
Emir of Bahrain (1961-1999)
Modern era
Hamad I of Bahrain
February 6, 1872 – February 20, 1942
Hakim of Bahrain (1872–1942)
Modern era
Baudouin I of Belgium
September 7, 1930 – July 31, 1993
Fifth king of the Belgians (1930–1993)
Contemporary era
Jigme Singye Wangchuck
b. November 11, 1955
King of Bhutan from 1972–2006
Modern era
Omar Ali Saifuddien III of Brunei
September 23, 1914 – September 7, 1986
Sultan of Brunei (1914-1986)
Modern era
Talal I of Jordan
February 26, 1909 – July 7, 1972
King of Jordan from 1951 to 1952
Modern era
Abdul Halim of Kedah
November 28, 1927 – September 11, 2017
5th Yang di-Pertuan Agong and Sultan of Kedah
Modern era
Abdulhamid II
September 21, 1842 – February 10, 1918
34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909)
Ancient era
Sargon of Akkad
c. 2350 BCE – c. 2300 BCE
Founder of the Akkadian Empire
Ancient era
Cyrus the Great
600 BCE – 530 BCE
Founder of the Achaemenid Empire (559–529 BC)
Ancient era
Ptolemy I Soter
c. 365 BCE – c. 285 BCE
Macedonian general, ruler of Egypt
Ancient era
Cleopatra
69 BCE – 30 BCE
Last pharaoh of Egypt, diplomat and strategist of the ancient world
Ancient era
Hadrian
January 24, 1976 CE – July 10, 138 CE
14th Roman Emperor (117–138)
Ancient era
Constantine the Great
February 27, 272 CE – May 22, 337 CE
Roman emperor from 306 to 337 and first to convert to Christianity (272–337)
Ancient era
Chandragupta Maurya
340 BCE – 297 BCE
Founder of the Maurya Empire (350–295 BCE)
Medieval era
Charlemagne
April 2, 748 CE – January 28, 814 CE
King of the Franks crowned first Holy Roman Emperor, father of Europe
Early Modern era
Mary, Queen of Scots
December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587
Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567 (1542–1587)
Medieval era
Hongwu Emperor
October 29, 1328 – June 24, 1398
Founding emperor of China's Ming dynasty; ruled 1368–1398
Early Modern era
Atahualpa
March 20, 1502 – August 29, 1533
Last Incan emperor
Medieval era
Pachacuti
1380 – 1460
11th Inca Emperor
Modern era
Napoleon Bonaparte
August 15, 1769 – May 5, 1821
French emperor and general whose campaigns redrew the map of Europe
Medieval era
Le Loi
September 10, 1384 – 1433
Founding Emperor of the Later Lê dynasty
Early Modern era
Naresuan
1555 – April 25, 1605
King of Ayutthaya
Early Modern era
Taksin
April 17, 1734 – April 7, 1782
King of Siam
Medieval era
Fa Ngum
1316 – 1393
First king of Lānsāng
Early Modern era
Ablai Khan
1711 – May 23, 1781
Kazakh khan
Ancient era
Tigranes the Great
140 BCE – 55 BCE
King of Armenia
Medieval era
Sunni Ali
1464 – 1492
King of the Songhai Empire
Modern era
Kamehameha I
c. 1800 – 1819
Founder and ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii
Medieval era
Æthelflæd
870 CE – June 12, 918 CE
Mercian monarch
Medieval era
Hywel Dda
880 CE – 950 CE
10th-century Welsh king
Medieval era
David I of Scotland
1084 – May 24, 1153
King of Alba from 1124 to 1153
Medieval era
John Balliol
1249 – November 25, 1314
King of Scots
Medieval era
Edward the Elder
874 CE – July 17, 924 CE
King of the Anglo-Saxons (r. 899–924)
Medieval era
Raedwald of East Anglia
c. 550 CE – 624 CE
7th-century Anglo-Saxon king
Medieval era
Penda of Mercia
606 CE – November 15, 655 CE
7th-century King of Mercia
Medieval era
Oswald of Northumbria
604 CE – August 5, 642 CE
King of Northumbria
Medieval era
Edwin of Northumbria
586 CE – October 12, 633 CE
King of Deira and Bernicia
Medieval era
Louis the Pious
April 16, 778 CE – June 20, 840 CE
King of the Franks
Medieval era
Charles VII of France
February 22, 1403 – July 22, 1461
Monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France (1403-1461)
Medieval era
Afonso Henriques
July 25, 1109 – December 6, 1185
King of Portugal from 1139 to 1185
Medieval era
Roger II of Sicily
December 22, 1095 – February 26, 1154
King of Sicily from 1130 to 1154
Medieval era
Yusuf ibn Tashfin
1009 – September 2, 1106
Leader of the Almoravid dynasty (r. 1061–1106), founder of Marrakech and a key figure in consolidating power in southern Morocco before expanding into Al-Andalus
Ancient era
Theodoric the Great
May 12, 454 CE – August 30, 526 CE
King of the Germanic Ostrogoths and ruler of Italy (493–526)
Medieval era
Henry the Fowler
876 CE – July 2, 936 CE
King of East Francia (919–936); Duke of Saxony (912–936)
Medieval era
Rudolf I of Germany
May 1, 1218 – July 15, 1291
Count of Habsburg, king of Germany (1218–1291)
Mieszko I of Poland
d. May 25, 992 CE
Duke of Poland
Medieval era
Tvrtko I of Bosnia
August 5, 1338 – March 14, 1391
Founder and first king of the Kingdom of Bosnia (r. 1377–91)
Medieval era
Ivan Asen II
1190 – June 24, 1241
Bulgarian ruler
Medieval era
Andrei Bogolyubsky
1111 – June 29, 1174
Russian Grand Prince
Medieval era
Zoe Porphyrogenita
978 CE – 1050
Byzantine Empress
Medieval era
Owain Lawgoch
1330 – 1378
Prince of Gwynedd and Wales
Ancient era
Genseric
389 CE – 477 CE
King of the Vandals and Alans
Ancient era
Puabi
b. c. 2500 BCE
Important figure in Ur
Ancient era
Eannatum
c. 2500 BCE – 2425 BCE
Ancient Sumerian king