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The Medieval Era
Caliphs, monks, poets, and conquerors who carried learning and power through the middle centuries.
Medieval era
Louis the Pious
April 16, 778 CE – June 20, 840 CE
King of the Franks
Medieval era
Charles the Bald
June 13, 823 CE – October 6, 877 CE
King of West Francia from 843 to 877 and Carolingian Emperor from 875 to 877
Medieval era
Hugh Capet
940 CE – October 24, 996 CE
King of the Franks
Medieval era
Philip IV of France
1268 – November 29, 1314
King of France from 1285 to 1314 (1268–1314)
Medieval era
Charles V of France
January 21, 1338 – September 16, 1380
King of France from 1364 to 1380 (1338–1380)
Medieval era
Charles VI of France
December 3, 1368 – October 21, 1422
King of France from 1380 to 1422 (1368–1422)
Medieval era
Charles VII of France
February 22, 1403 – July 22, 1461
Monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France (1403-1461)
Medieval era
Louis XI of France
July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483
King of France from 1461 to 1483 (1423–1483)
Medieval era
Blanche of Castile
March 4, 1188 – November 27, 1252
Queen consort of France (1188–1252)
Medieval era
Anne of Brittany
January 25, 1477 – January 9, 1514
Duchess of Brittany and twice Queen of France (1477-1514)
Medieval era
Philip the Bold
January 17, 1342 – April 27, 1404
Duke of Burgundy (1342-1404)
Medieval era
John the Fearless
May 28, 1371 – September 10, 1419
Duke of Burgundy
Medieval era
Charles the Bold
November 10, 1433 – January 5, 1477
Last Valois Duke of Burgundy (1433-1477)
Medieval era
Bertrand du Guesclin
c. 1320 – July 13, 1380
Constable of France
Medieval era
Gilles de Rais
1405 – October 26, 1440
Leader in the French army, companion-in-arms of Joan of Arc, convicted serial killer of children
Medieval era
Alfonso X of Castile
November 23, 1221 – April 4, 1284
King of Castile from 1252 to 1284
Medieval era
Alfonso VI of Leon
1040 – July 1, 1109
King of León (1065 to 1109), of Castile (1072 to 1109), and of Galicia (1071 to 1109)
Medieval era
Urraca of Leon
1081 – March 8, 1126
Spanish queen
Medieval era
James I of Aragon
February 2, 1208 – July 27, 1276
King of Aragon (1208–1276)
Medieval era
Peter of Castile
August 30, 1334 – March 23, 1369
King of Castile and León from 1350 to 1369
Medieval era
Afonso Henriques
July 25, 1109 – December 6, 1185
King of Portugal from 1139 to 1185
Medieval era
John I of Portugal
April 11, 1357 – August 14, 1433
King of Portugal from 1385 to 1433
Medieval era
Nuno Alvares Pereira
June 24, 1360 – November 1, 1431
Portuguese nobleman
Medieval era
Roger II of Sicily
December 22, 1095 – February 26, 1154
King of Sicily from 1130 to 1154
Medieval era
Robert Guiscard
1016 – July 17, 1085
Duke of Apulia and Calabria
Medieval era
Bohemond I of Antioch
1054 – March 3, 1111
Prince of Taranto and Prince of Antioch
Medieval era
Enrico Dandolo
1107 – 1205
Doge of Venice (1107-1205)
Medieval era
Francesco Sforza
c. 1460 – 1523
Count of Cotignola
Medieval era
Ludovico Sforza
July 27, 1452 – May 27, 1508
Duke of Milan
Medieval era
Federico da Montefeltro
June 7, 1422 – September 10, 1482
Condottiere of the Italian Renaissance, and lord of Urbino
Medieval era
Abd al-Rahman I
731 CE – September 30, 788 CE
Emir of Córdoba from 756 to 788
Medieval era
Almanzor
938 CE – August 9, 1010
Arab Andalusian military leader and statesman (c.938-1002)
Medieval era
Musa ibn Nusayr
640 CE – 716 CE
Arab military commander provincial governor (640-716)
Medieval era
Yusuf ibn Tashfin
1009 – September 2, 1106
Leader of the Almoravid dynasty (r. 1061–1106), founder of Marrakech and a key figure in consolidating power in southern Morocco before expanding into Al-Andalus
Medieval era
Ibn Hazm
November 7, 994 CE – August 15, 1064
Andalusian Muslim polymath, historian, jurist, philosopher and theologian (994–1064)
Medieval era
Ibn Tufail
1110 – 1185
Arab Muslim polymath (c. 1105–1185)
Medieval era
Al-Zahrawi
936 CE – 1010
Arab Andalusian physician, surgeon and chemist (936–1013)
Medieval era
Abbas ibn Firnas
810 CE – 887 CE
9th century astronomer and physician
Medieval era
Ziryab
777 CE – 857 CE
9th-century poet and musician
Medieval era
Samuel ibn Naghrillah
993 CE – 1055
Spanish poet, vizier, and general
Medieval era
Hasdai ibn Shaprut
915 CE – 975 CE
9th century Andalusian Jewish scholar, physician and official
Medieval era
Guzman el Bueno
January 24, 1256 – September 19, 1309
Spanish nobleman (1256-1309)
Medieval era
Arnold of Brescia
1100 – June 18, 1155
Canon regular and revolutionary
Medieval era
Cola di Rienzo
1313 – October 8, 1354
Italian politician
Medieval era
Guido Cavalcanti
1258 – August 29, 1300
Italian poet (1258-1300)
Medieval era
Brunetto Latini
1220 – 1294
Italian scholar and statesman, c. 1220–1294
Medieval era
Marsilius of Padua
1275 – 1342
Italian philosopher (1275–1342)
Medieval era
Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba
September 1, 1453 – December 2, 1515
Spanish general (1453-1515)
Medieval era
Cardinal Cisneros
1436 – November 8, 1517
Spanish Catholic cardinal (1436-1517)
Medieval era
Antonio de Nebrija
1444 – July 2, 1522
Spanish scholar
Medieval era
Ausias March
1400 – March 3, 1459
Valencian poet and knight
Medieval era
Joanot Martorell
1413 – 1465
Valencian knight
Medieval era
Roger de Flor
1267 – April 30, 1305
Italian military adventurer and condottiere
Medieval era
Henry the Fowler
876 CE – July 2, 936 CE
King of East Francia (919–936); Duke of Saxony (912–936)
Medieval era
Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
955 CE – December 7, 983 CE
Holy Roman Emperor from 973 to 983 and King of Italy from 980 to 983
Medieval era
Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
980 CE – January 24, 1002
Holy Roman Emperor from 996 to 1002
Medieval era
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
November 11, 1050 – August 7, 1106
Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105
Medieval era
Henry the Lion
1129 – August 6, 1195
Welf dynasty, Duke of Saxony, as Henry III, and Duke of Bavaria, as Henry XII (1129-1195)
Medieval era
Rudolf I of Germany
May 1, 1218 – July 15, 1291
Count of Habsburg, king of Germany (1218–1291)
Medieval era
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
February 14, 1368 – December 9, 1437
Monarch from the House of Luxemburg (1368-1437)