wing of the archive

The Medieval Era

Caliphs, monks, poets, and conquerors who carried learning and power through the middle centuries.

Medieval era

Offa of Mercia

c. 800 CE – July 29, 796 CE

King of Mercia

Medieval era

Æthelred the Unready

967 CE – April 23, 1016

King of England

Medieval era

Edmund Ironside

993 CE – November 30, 1016

King of the English, Wessex dynasty

Medieval era

Sweyn Forkbeard

April 17, 963 CE – February 3, 1014

King of Denmark, England, and Norway

Medieval era

Emma of Normandy

987 CE – March 6, 1052

Norman princess and mother of Edward the Confessor

Medieval era

Henry I of England

1068 – December 1, 1135

King of England from 1100 to 1135 (1068–1135)

Medieval era

Stephen of England

1095 – October 25, 1154

King of England from 1135 to 1154

Medieval era

Empress Matilda

February 7, 1102 – September 10, 1167

Holy Roman Empress (1114–1125); claimant to the English throne

Medieval era

Henry III of England

October 1, 1207 – November 16, 1272

King of England from 1216 to 1272

Medieval era

Edward II of England

April 25, 1284 – September 21, 1327

King of England from 1307 to 1327

Medieval era

Isabella of France

1295 – August 22, 1358

Queen consort of England

Medieval era

Richard II of England

January 6, 1367 – February 14, 1400

King of England from 1377 to 1399

Medieval era

Henry IV of England

1367 – March 20, 1413

King of England from 1399 to 1413

Medieval era

Henry VI of England

December 6, 1421 – May 21, 1471

King of England from 1422 to 1461 and from 1470 to 1471, disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453

Medieval era

Margaret of Anjou

March 23, 1430 – August 25, 1482

15th-century English royal consort (1430-1482)

Medieval era

Edward IV of England

April 28, 1442 – April 9, 1483

King of England from 1461 to 1470 and 1471 to 1483

Medieval era

Edward V of England

b. November 2, 1470

King of England in 1483 (1470-1483)

Medieval era

Elizabeth Woodville

1437 – June 8, 1492

Queen consort of England

Medieval era

Elizabeth of York

February 11, 1466 – February 11, 1503

Queen of England

Medieval era

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

November 22, 1428 – April 14, 1471

Jure uxoris 16th Earl of Warwick and suo jure 6th Earl of Salisbury (1428-1471)

Medieval era

Owain Glyndwr

1359 – 1416

Welsh rebel and pretender (died c. 1416)

Medieval era

Llywelyn the Great

1173 – April 11, 1240

Prince of Gwynedd from 1199 to 1240

Medieval era

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd

1220 – December 11, 1282

Prince of Gwynedd

Medieval era

Hywel Dda

880 CE – 950 CE

10th-century Welsh king

Medieval era

Macbeth of Scotland

1005 – August 15, 1057

King of Scotland from 1040 to 1057

Medieval era

Kenneth MacAlpin

810 CE – February 8, 858 CE

King of the Picts

Medieval era

David I of Scotland

1084 – May 24, 1153

King of Alba from 1124 to 1153

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Medieval era

Andrew Moray

1265 – 1297

Scottish general

Medieval era

James Douglas, Lord of Douglas

1286 – August 25, 1330

Scottish knight

Medieval era

John Balliol

1249 – November 25, 1314

King of Scots

Medieval era

Brian Boru

941 CE – April 23, 1014

High King of Ireland

Medieval era

Egbert of Wessex

771 CE – 839 CE

King of Wessex

Medieval era

Edward the Elder

874 CE – July 17, 924 CE

King of the Anglo-Saxons (r. 899–924)

Medieval era

Edgar the Peaceful

943 CE – July 8, 975 CE

King of the English (r. 959–975)

Medieval era

Dunstan

909 CE – May 19, 988 CE

Archbishop of Canterbury and saint

Medieval era

Raedwald of East Anglia

c. 550 CE – 624 CE

7th-century Anglo-Saxon king

Medieval era

Augustine of Canterbury

c. 550 CE – c. 605 CE

6th-century missionary, archbishop, and saint

Medieval era

Æthelberht of Kent

552 CE – February 24, 612 CE

King of Kent from 589

Medieval era

Penda of Mercia

606 CE – November 15, 655 CE

7th-century King of Mercia

Medieval era

Oswald of Northumbria

604 CE – August 5, 642 CE

King of Northumbria

Medieval era

Edwin of Northumbria

586 CE – October 12, 633 CE

King of Deira and Bernicia

Medieval era

Lady Godiva

990 CE – September 10, 1067

Anglo-Saxon noblewoman, Countess of Leicester

Medieval era

William II of England

1060 – August 2, 1100

King of England from 1087 to 1100

Medieval era

Stephen Langton

1150 – July 9, 1228

English cleric; Archbishop of Canterbury

Medieval era

John of Gaunt

June 24, 1340 – February 3, 1399

English magnate of the House of Plantagenet (1340-1399)

Medieval era

Henry Percy (Hotspur)

May 20, 1364 – July 21, 1403

English noble

Medieval era

Piers Gaveston

1284 – June 19, 1312

Favourite of King Edward II of England (1284-1312)

Medieval era

William Caxton

1422 – 1491

English merchant and printer (c. 1422–c. 1491)

Medieval era

Gerald of Wales

1146 – c. 1220

Medieval clergyman and historian

Medieval era

Saint Margaret of Scotland

1045 – November 16, 1093

Queen of Scotland from 1070 to 1093

Medieval era

Somerled

1100 – 1164

Twelfth-century King of the Isles, Lord of Argyll, and religious patron

Medieval era

Diarmait Mac Murchada

1110 – May 1, 1171

King of Leinster in Ireland

Medieval era

Fulk Nerra

970 CE – June 21, 1040

Count of Anjou

Medieval era

Robert Curthose

1054 – 1134

Duke of Normandy

Medieval era

William Adelin

August 5, 1103 – November 25, 1120

Duke of Normandy

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Medieval era

Nest ferch Rhys

1085 – 1136

Welsh princess, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, last king of Deheubarth

Medieval era

Magnus Erlendsson

1075 – April 16, 1117

Earl of Orkney from 1106 to c. 1117

Medieval era

Isabella MacDuff

c. 1201 – 1313

Scottish noblewoman, figure in the Wars of Scottish Independence

Medieval era

Agnes Randolph

1312 – 1369

Countess of Dunbar and March

Medieval era

Pepin the Short

715 CE – September 24, 768 CE

King of the Franks from 751 to 768