callings of the archive
Politician Biographies
Every archived life recorded as politician, ordered by their place in the ledger.
Early Modern era
James K. Polk
November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849
President of the United States from 1845 to 1849 (1795–1849)
Modern era
William McKinley
January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901
President of the United States from 1897 to 1901 (1843-1901)
Modern era
Calvin Coolidge
July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933
President of the United States from 1923 to 1929
Modern era
Herbert Hoover
August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964
President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 (1874–1964)
Modern era
Gerald Ford
July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006
President of the United States from 1974 to 1977 (1913–2006)
Modern era
George H. W. Bush
June 12, 1924 – November 30, 2018
41st President of the United States (1989–1993)
Contemporary era
Hillary Clinton
b. October 26, 1947
American politician and diplomat (born 1947)
Modern era
John McCain
August 29, 1936 – August 25, 2018
American politician (1936–2018)
Modern era
Robert F. Kennedy
November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968
American politician and lawyer (1925–1968)
Modern era
Colin Powell
April 5, 1937 – October 18, 2021
American general and diplomat (1937–2021)
Modern era
Henry Kissinger
May 27, 1923 – November 29, 2023
American diplomat and geopolitical advisor, served as U.S. Secretary of State from 1973 to 1977 (1923–2023)
Early Modern era
Patrick Henry
May 29, 1736 – June 6, 1799
American Founding Father, orator and politician (1736 – 1799)
Early Modern era
Samuel Adams
September 27, 1722 – October 2, 1803
American statesman, political philosopher, governor of Massachusetts and Founding Father of the United States (1722-1803)
Early Modern era
John Hancock
January 23, 1737 – October 8, 1793
American Patriot and statesman during the American Revolution (1737–1793)
Modern era
Crazy Horse
December 4, 1849 – September 5, 1877
Oglala Sioux chief (1840–1877)
Early Modern era
Robert Walpole
August 26, 1676 – March 18, 1745
British statesman and art collector, 1st Earl of Orford (1676–1745)
Early Modern era
William Pitt the Younger
May 28, 1759 – January 23, 1806
British statesman (1759–1806)
Early Modern era
Duke of Marlborough
May 26, 1650 – June 16, 1722
English soldier and statesman (1650-1722)
Early Modern era
Robert Peel
February 5, 1788 – July 2, 1850
Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1788–1850)
Modern era
Neville Chamberlain
March 18, 1869 – November 9, 1940
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940
Modern era
Bernard Montgomery
November 17, 1887 – March 24, 1976
British Army officer (1887–1976)
Contemporary era
Boris Johnson
b. June 19, 1964
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022
Early Modern era
King George III
May 24, 1738 – January 29, 1820
King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820 (1738–1820)
Modern era
Napoleon III
April 20, 1808 – January 9, 1873
President of the Second French Republic, Emperor of the Second French Empire and last monarch of France (1808–1873)
Modern era
Georges Clemenceau
September 28, 1841 – November 24, 1929
Prime Minister of France, 1906–1909 and 1917–1920 (1841–1929)
Early Modern era
Talleyrand
February 2, 1754 – May 17, 1839
French diplomat (1754-1838)
Early Modern era
Georges Danton
October 26, 1759 – April 5, 1794
French revolutionary (1759–1794)
Early Modern era
Jean-Paul Marat
May 24, 1743 – July 13, 1793
Politician and journalist during the French Revolution (1743-1793)
Contemporary era
Emmanuel Macron
b. December 21, 1977
President of France and Co-Prince of Andorra since 2017
Modern era
Helmut Kohl
April 3, 1930 – June 16, 2017
Chancellor of West Germany and reunified Germany (1982–1998)
Modern era
Giuseppe Mazzini
June 22, 1805 – March 10, 1872
Italian nationalist activist, politician, journalist and philosopher
Modern era
Grigori Rasputin
January 9, 1869 – December 17, 1916
Russian mystic (1869–1916)
Contemporary era
Volodymyr Zelensky
b. January 25, 1978
President of Ukraine since 2019
Modern era
Josip Broz Tito
May 7, 1892 – May 4, 1980
Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman (1892−1980)
Modern era
Vaclav Havel
October 5, 1936 – December 18, 2011
Czech statesman, playwright, and former dissident, the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first president of the Czech Republic (1936–2011)
Modern era
Olof Palme
January 30, 1927 – February 28, 1986
Swedish Prime Minister (1969–76, 1982–86)
Modern era
Simone Veil
July 13, 1927 – June 30, 2017
French politician (1927–2017)
Modern era
Dag Hammarskjold
July 29, 1905 – September 18, 1961
Swedish diplomat, economist, and author (1905–1961)
Modern era
Eamon de Valera
October 14, 1882 – August 29, 1975
Irish statesman (1882–1975)
Modern era
Pierre Trudeau
October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000
Prime Minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and 1980 to 1984 (1919–2000)
Contemporary era
Justin Trudeau
b. December 25, 1971
23rd prime minister of Canada from 2015 to 2025
Contemporary era
Jacinda Ardern
b. July 26, 1980
Prime Minister of New Zealand (2017–2023)
Early Modern era
Bernardo O'Higgins
August 20, 1778 – October 24, 1842
Chilean independence leader (1778–1842)
Modern era
Juan Peron
October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974
President of Argentina (1946–55, 1973–74)
Modern era
Getulio Vargas
April 19, 1882 – August 24, 1954
President of Brazil (1930–1945; 1951–1954)
Modern era
Pedro II of Brazil
December 2, 1825 – December 5, 1891
2nd and final Emperor of Brazil (r. 1831–89)
Contemporary era
Hugo Chavez
July 28, 1954 – March 5, 2013
Venezuelan politician, 56th president of Venezuela (1954–2013)
Contemporary era
Lula da Silva
b. October 27, 1945
President of Brazil from 2003 to 2011 and since 2023
Modern era
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
October 26, 1919 – July 27, 1980
Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979
Modern era
Yasser Arafat
August 4, 1929 – November 11, 2004
Palestinian political leader (1929-2004) and Former President of the Palestinian National Authority (1994-2004)
Modern era
Menachem Begin
August 16, 1913 – March 9, 1992
Israeli politician and former Prime Minister (1913–1992)
Modern era
Shimon Peres
August 2, 1923 – September 28, 2016
Israeli politician (1923–2016) –Former President of Israel (2007–2014) and Prime Minister of Israel (1977, 1984–1986, 1995–1996)
Modern era
Ibn Saud
January 15, 1876 – November 9, 1953
King of Saudi Arabia from 1932 to 1953
Modern era
Menelik II
August 17, 1844 – December 12, 1913
Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Shewa (1844-1913)
Modern era
Leopold Sedar Senghor
October 9, 1906 – December 20, 2001
First president of Senegal, poet, and cultural theorist (1906–2001)
Modern era
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
b. October 29, 1938
24th president of Liberia
Modern era
F. W. de Klerk
March 18, 1936 – November 11, 2021
7th state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994
Modern era
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
October 15, 1931 – July 27, 2015
Indian scientist, president and statesman (1931–2015)
Contemporary era
Narendra Modi
b. September 17, 1950
Prime Minister of India since 2014
Contemporary era
Benazir Bhutto
June 21, 1953 – December 27, 2007
11th and 13th prime minister of Pakistan (1953–2007)