wing of the archive
The Modern Era
The industrial and imperial centuries: inventors, statesmen, artists, and the makers of the modern world.
Modern era
Rudolf Kirchschläger
March 20, 1915 – March 30, 2000
Austrian diplomat, politician, judge, and eighth President of Austria (1915–2000)
Modern era
Franz Jonas
October 4, 1899 – April 24, 1974
Seventh President of Austria (1899–1974)
Modern era
Heydar Aliyev
May 10, 1923 – December 12, 2003
3rd President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1923–2003)
Modern era
Abulfaz Elchibey
June 24, 1938 – August 22, 2000
2nd President of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Modern era
Ayaz Mutallibov
May 12, 1938 – March 27, 2022
President of Azerbaijan from 1990 to 1992
Modern era
Yaqub Mammadov
b. March 3, 1941
Azerbaijani politician, professor and scientist (born 1941)
Modern era
Artur Rasizade
b. February 26, 1935
6th Prime Minister of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Modern era
Fuad Guliyev
b. July 6, 1941
Azerbaijani politician
Modern era
Isa II of Bahrain
June 3, 1933 – March 6, 1999
Emir of Bahrain (1961-1999)
Modern era
Salman II of Bahrain
October 10, 1894 – November 2, 1961
Ruler of Bahrain (1894–1961)
Modern era
Hamad I of Bahrain
February 6, 1872 – February 20, 1942
Hakim of Bahrain (1872–1942)
Modern era
Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
November 24, 1935 – November 11, 2020
Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970-2020)
Modern era
Zillur Rahman
March 9, 1929 – March 20, 2013
19th President of Bangladesh (1929-2013)
Modern era
Iajuddin Ahmed
February 1, 1931 – December 10, 2012
Former president of Bangladesh (1931-2012)
Modern era
Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar
December 1, 1931 – July 12, 2026
Bangladeshi lawyer and former president of Bangladesh
Modern era
Fakhruddin Ahmed
b. May 1, 1940
Bangladeshi economist and civil servant
Modern era
Fazlul Haque
June 30, 1938 – November 16, 2023
Bangladesh judge and politician
Modern era
Lloyd Erskine Sandiford
March 24, 1937 – June 26, 2023
Prime minister of Barbados (1937–2023)
Modern era
Errol Barrow
January 21, 1920 – June 1, 1987
Barbadian politician (1920-1987)
Modern era
Albert II of Belgium
b. June 6, 1934
Sixth king of the Belgians
Modern era
Baudouin I of Belgium
September 7, 1930 – July 31, 1993
Fifth king of the Belgians (1930–1993)
Modern era
Leopold III of Belgium
November 3, 1901 – September 25, 1983
King of the Belgians from 1934 to 1951 (1901–1983)
Modern era
Albert I of Belgium
April 8, 1875 – February 17, 1934
King of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934 (1875–1934)
Modern era
Leopold II of Belgium
April 9, 1835 – December 17, 1909
King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 (1835–1909)
Modern era
Said Musa
b. March 19, 1944
3rd Prime Minister of Belize from 1998 to 2008
Modern era
Manuel Esquivel
May 2, 1940 – February 10, 2022
Belizean politician (1940–2022)
Modern era
George Cadle Price
January 15, 1919 – September 19, 2011
Prime Minister of Belize (1919-2011)
Modern era
Mathieu Kérékou
September 2, 1933 – October 14, 2015
Politician (1933-2015)
Modern era
Nicéphore Soglo
b. November 29, 1934
Prime Minister of Benin
Modern era
Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
May 2, 1929 – July 21, 1972
King of Bhutan (1929-1972)
Modern era
Jigme Wangchuck
1906 – March 30, 1952
King of Bhutan (1906-1952)
Modern era
Ugyen Wangchuck
June 11, 1862 – August 21, 1926
King of Bhutan (1862-1926)
Modern era
Festus Mogae
August 21, 1939 – May 8, 2026
President of Botswana from 1998 to 2008
Modern era
Quett Masire
July 23, 1925 – June 22, 2017
President of Botswana (1925-2017)
Modern era
Michel Temer
b. September 23, 1940
24th Vice-President of Brazil from 2011 to 2016 and 37th President of Brazil from 2016 to 2019
Modern era
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
b. June 18, 1931
President of Brazil from 1995 to 2003
Modern era
Omar Ali Saifuddien III of Brunei
September 23, 1914 – September 7, 1986
Sultan of Brunei (1914-1986)
Modern era
Ahmad Tajuddin of Brunei
August 22, 1913 – June 3, 1950
Sultan of Brunei (1913-1950)
Modern era
Muhammad Jamalul Alam II
1889 – September 11, 1924
Sultan of Brunei (1889-1924)
Modern era
Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin of Brunei
1825 – May 10, 1906
Sultan of Brunei (1825-1906)
Modern era
Zhelyu Zhelev
March 3, 1935 – January 30, 2015
President of Bulgaria (1935-2015)
Modern era
Víctor Suanzes Pardo
b. 1936
Spanish military personnel
Modern era
Agustín Quesada Gómez
1931 – March 13, 2020
Spanish military personnel
Modern era
Michel Kafando
b. August 18, 1942
Burkinabé diplomat
Modern era
Antoine Nduwayo
b. 1942
Prime Minister of Burundi
Modern era
Norodom Suramarit
March 6, 1896 – April 3, 1960
Cambodian king (1896-1960)
Modern era
Norodom Ranariddh
January 2, 1944 – November 28, 2021
Cambodian politician (1944–2021)
Modern era
Chan Sy
1932 – December 26, 1984
Cambodian politician (1932-1984)
Modern era
Pen Sovan
April 15, 1936 – October 29, 2016
Prime Minister of the Hanoi-backed People's Republic of Kampuchea (1936-2016)
Modern era
Ahmadou Ahidjo
August 24, 1924 – November 30, 1989
President of Cameroon (1924-1989)
Modern era
Peter Mafany Musonge
b. December 3, 1942
Cameroonian politician
Modern era
Simon Achidi Achu
November 5, 1934 – May 4, 2021
Cameroonian politician
Modern era
Sadou Hayatou
February 15, 1942 – August 1, 2019
Prime Minister of Cameroon (1942-2019)
Modern era
George V
June 3, 1865 – January 20, 1936
King of the United Kingdom from 1910 to 1936
Modern era
Edward VII
November 9, 1841 – May 6, 1910
King of the United Kingdom from 1901 to 1910
Modern era
Paul Martin
b. August 28, 1938
Prime minister of Canada from 2003 to 2006
Modern era
Jean Chrétien
b. January 11, 1934
Prime minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003
Modern era
Pedro Pires
b. April 29, 1934
Cape Verdean politician and former president of Cape Verde
Modern era
Antonio Mascarenhas Monteiro
February 16, 1944 – September 16, 2016
Cape Verdean politician and former president of Cape Verde (1944-2016)
Modern era
Aristides Pereira
November 17, 1923 – September 22, 2011
Cape Verdean politician, and first president of Cape Verde (1923-2011)