wing of the archive
The Modern Era
The industrial and imperial centuries: inventors, statesmen, artists, and the makers of the modern world.
Modern era
Khan Abdul Wali Khan
January 11, 1917 – January 26, 2006
Senior politician in Pakistan, President of Awami National Party (1917–2006)
Modern era
Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
July 7, 1907 – December 2, 1973
Nationalist, political leader (1907–1973)
Modern era
A. K. Fazlul Huq
October 26, 1873 – April 27, 1962
Bengali-Pakistani statesman and jurist (1873–1962)
Modern era
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
September 8, 1892 – December 5, 1963
Bengali barrister and politician (1892–1963)
Modern era
Khawaja Nazimuddin
July 19, 1894 – October 22, 1964
Pakistani politician and statesman (1894–1964)
Modern era
Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar
June 13, 1899 – February 14, 1958
Pakistani politician (1899–1958)
Modern era
Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan
February 13, 1905 – June 13, 1990
Pakistani diplomat (1905-1990)
Modern era
Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz
April 7, 1896 – 1979
Indian, afterwards Pakistani, politician
Modern era
I. I. Chundrigar
September 15, 1897 – September 26, 1960
Pakistani politician and diplomat (1897–1960)
Modern era
Feroz Khan Noon
June 18, 1893 – December 9, 1970
7th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1893–1970)
Modern era
Muhammad Ali Bogra
October 19, 1909 – January 23, 1963
Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1953 to 1955
Modern era
Chaudhry Muhammad Ali
July 15, 1905 – December 2, 1980
Politician and Prime minister of Pakistan (1905–1982)
Modern era
Iskander Mirza
December 8, 1867 – September 18, 1916
Tatar revolutionary (1867-1916)
Modern era
Sikandar Hayat Khan
June 5, 1892 – December 26, 1942
Punjabi politician and statesman during British Raj (1892–1942)
Modern era
G. M. Syed
January 17, 1904 – April 25, 1995
Political leader (1904-1995)
Modern era
Ubaidullah Sindhi
March 10, 1872 – August 21, 1944
Indian scholar and political activist (1872–1944)
Modern era
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi
1851 – November 30, 1920
Indian Muslim scholar and independence activist (1851–1920)
Modern era
Syed Ameer Ali
1849 – 1928
Indian Muslim jurist (1849-1928)
Modern era
Mohsin-ul-Mulk
December 9, 1837 – October 16, 1907
Indian Muslim politician
Modern era
Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk
March 24, 1841 – January 27, 1917
Politician for India's independence (1841–1917)
Modern era
Maulana Bhashani
December 12, 1880 – November 17, 1976
Bangladeshi political leader (1880–1976)
Modern era
Altaf Hussain Hali
1837 – December 31, 1914
Urdu poet and writer
Modern era
Shibli Nomani
June 3, 1857 – November 18, 1914
Indian Islamic Scholar (1857–1914)
Modern era
Aga Khan III
November 2, 1877 – July 11, 1957
48th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili community (1877-1957)
Modern era
Aga Khan IV
December 13, 1936 – February 4, 2025
49th Imam of Nizari Isma'ilism Muslims
Modern era
Mir Osman Ali Khan
April 6, 1886 – February 24, 1967
Last Monarch of the Kingdom of Hyderabad (1886-1967)
Modern era
Mangal Pandey
July 19, 1827 – April 7, 1857
India's First Freedom Fighter (1827–1857)
Modern era
Rani Lakshmibai
November 19, 1828 – June 17, 1858
Queen of a princely state in India
Modern era
Tantia Tope
1814 – April 18, 1859
Leader in the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Modern era
Begum Hazrat Mahal
1820 – April 7, 1879
Empress of Awadh
Modern era
Udham Singh
December 26, 1899 – July 31, 1940
Indian revolutionary (1899-1940)
Modern era
Chandra Shekhar Azad
July 23, 1906 – February 27, 1931
Indian activist and socialist and revolutionary, freedom fighter and social reformer (1906–1931)
Modern era
Ram Prasad Bismil
June 11, 1897 – December 19, 1927
Revolutionary, poet & writer (1897–1927)
Modern era
Ashfaqulla Khan
October 22, 1900 – December 19, 1927
Indian poet and fighter for independence (1900-1927)
Modern era
Khudiram Bose
December 3, 1889 – August 11, 1908
Indian revolutionary (1889-1908)
Modern era
Surya Sen
March 22, 1894 – January 8, 1934
British Indian Bengali revolutionary (1894-1934)
Modern era
Birsa Munda
November 15, 1875 – June 9, 1900
Indian tribal freedom fighter (1875–1900)
Modern era
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
July 23, 1856 – September 1, 1920
Indian nationalist leader, writer and journalist (1856–1920)
Modern era
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
May 9, 1866 – February 19, 1915
Indian political leader and social reformer (1866–1915)
Modern era
Lala Lajpat Rai
January 28, 1865 – November 17, 1928
Indian author and politician (1865-1928)
Modern era
Bipin Chandra Pal
November 7, 1858 – May 20, 1932
British Indian Bengali academic and politician (1858–1932)
Modern era
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
November 11, 1888 – February 22, 1958
Indian politician and writer (1888–1958)
Modern era
Rajendra Prasad
December 3, 1884 – February 28, 1963
Indian statesman, lawyer and writer (1884–1963); first President of India
Modern era
C. Rajagopalachari
December 10, 1878 – December 25, 1972
Indian politician and activist (1878–1972)
Modern era
Sarojini Naidu
February 13, 1879 – March 2, 1949
Indian poet, politician, governor of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh from1947 to 1949
Modern era
Annie Besant
October 1, 1847 – September 20, 1933
British socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator (1847-1933)
Modern era
Sheikh Abdullah
December 5, 1905 – September 8, 1982
Kashmiri politician (1905-1982)
Modern era
Ashraf Ali Thanwi
August 19, 1863 – July 20, 1943
Indian Muslim scholar (1863–1943)
Modern era
Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
May 9, 1829 – August 11, 1905
The Great Islamic Scholar (1829-1905)
Modern era
Husain Ahmad Madani
October 6, 1879 – 1957
Indian freedom struggle leader and scholar
Modern era
Anwar Shah Kashmiri
November 26, 1875 – May 28, 1933
Islamic scholar
Modern era
Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi
1885 – July 13, 1944
Indian Islamic scholar (1885–1944)
Modern era
Abul A'la Maududi
September 25, 1903 – September 22, 1979
South Asian Islamic scholar, Founder of Jamaat-e-Islami (1903–1979)
Modern era
Muhammad Taqi Usmani
b. October 3, 1943
Pakistani judge
Modern era
Amin Ahsan Islahi
1904 – December 15, 1997
Quran translator
Modern era
Wahiduddin Khan
January 1, 1925 – April 21, 2021
Islamic Scholar (1925–2021)
Modern era
Ahmed Deedat
July 1, 1918 – August 8, 2005
South African writer and orator (1918–2005)
Modern era
Shah Ahmad Noorani
April 1, 1926 – December 11, 2003
Spiritual and political leader (1926–2003)
Modern era
Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
March 16, 1909 – March 20, 1943
Pakistani freedom fighter
Modern era
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
September 26, 1820 – July 29, 1891
Philosopher, academic, writer, translator, entrepreneur, social reformer and philanthropist (1820-1891)