wing of the archive

The Medieval Era

Caliphs, monks, poets, and conquerors who carried learning and power through the middle centuries.

Medieval era

Michael Psellos

1018 – 1078

11th-century Byzantine monk, writer and court official

Medieval era

John Scotus Eriugena

c. 800 CE – 877 CE

Irish Catholic philosopher and theologian (c. 800 – c. 877)

Medieval era

Peter Damian

1007 – 1072

Eleventh-century Benedictine monk

Medieval era

Peter the Venerable

1092 – December 25, 1156

French abbot and saint

Medieval era

Joachim of Fiore

1135 – March 30, 1202

Italian abbot

Medieval era

Lorenzo Valla

1407 – August 1, 1457

Italian Renaissance humanist (c. 1407–1457)

Medieval era

Leonardo Bruni

1369 – 1444

Italian humanist historian (c. 1370–1444)

Medieval era

Poggio Bracciolini

February 11, 1380 – October 30, 1459

Italian scholar, writer and humanist (1380–1459)

Medieval era

Gemistus Plethon

1355 – June 26, 1452

15th-century Byzantine Greek philosopher

Medieval era

Basilios Bessarion

January 2, 1403 – November 18, 1472

Greek theologian, cardinal bishop and Latin Patriarch of Constantinople (1403-1472)

Medieval era

Manuel Chrysoloras

1350 – September 15, 1415

Byzantine Greek scholar, diplomat, and professor (c. 1350–1415)

Medieval era

Irnerius

1050 – 1140

Italian jurist

Medieval era

Bartolus de Saxoferrato

1313 – July 21, 1357

Italian law professor (1313–1357)

Medieval era

Henry de Bracton

1210 – 1268

13th-century English jurist

Medieval era

Gerard of Cremona

1114 – 1187

Italian translator and astrologer (c. 1114 – 1187)

Medieval era

Adelard of Bath

1075 – 1160

12th-century English natural philosopher

Medieval era

John of Salisbury

c. 1110 – October 25, 1180

English philosopher and theologian (ca 1115-1180)

Medieval era

Alain de Lille

c. 1117 – December 29, 1202

French theologian and poet

Medieval era

Vincent of Beauvais

1190 – 1264

13th century French encyclopedist

Medieval era

Siger of Brabant

1235 – November 10, 1284

Belgian philosopher, c. 1240–1284

Medieval era

Henry of Ghent

1217 – June 29, 1293

Scholastic philosopher

Medieval era

Giles of Rome

1243 – December 22, 1316

Roman Catholic archbishop

Medieval era

Witelo

1230 – 1275

Polish-German scholar

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Medieval era

Theodoric Borgognoni

1206 – 1298

Italian bishop

Medieval era

Henri de Mondeville

1260 – 1320

French physician

Medieval era

Pietro d'Abano

1250 – 1315

Italian physician, philosopher and philologist

Medieval era

Georg von Peurbach

May 30, 1423 – April 8, 1461

Austrian mathematician and astronomer (1423-1461)

Medieval era

Paolo Toscanelli

April 21, 1397 – May 10, 1482

Florentine astronomer

Medieval era

Martin Behaim

October 6, 1459 – July 29, 1507

German navigator and geographer to the King of Portugal (1459–1507)

Medieval era

Fra Mauro

1385 – 1459

Italian cartographer and monk

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Medieval era

Abraham Cresques

July 11, 1325 – 1387

Cartographer from Palma, Majorca

Medieval era

Marie de France

c. 1101 – c. 1300

Medieval poet

Medieval era

Chretien de Troyes

c. 1135 – c. 1181

12th century French poet and trouvère

Medieval era

Wolfram von Eschenbach

1170 – 1220

German knight and poet (1170–1220)

Medieval era

Walther von der Vogelweide

1170 – 1230

German minstrel singer (c. 1170 – c. 1230)

Medieval era

Jean Froissart

1337 – 1405

French writer

Medieval era

Jean de Joinville

1224 – December 24, 1317

French chronicler

Medieval era

Francois Villon

1431 – 1463

French poet and criminal

Medieval era

William Langland

1332 – 1386

English writer

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Medieval era

Thomas Malory

1405 – March 14, 1471

English writer, author of Le Morte d'Arthur (1405–1471)

Medieval era

Ramon Llull

1232 – 1316

Majorcan writer and philosopher (c.1232–1315/6)

Medieval era

Guido of Arezzo

992 CE – 1050

11th century Italian monk, inventor of modern musical notation

Medieval era

Guillaume de Machaut

1300 – 1377

Medieval French composer and poet (c. 1300–1377)

Medieval era

Guillaume Dufay

August 13, 1397 – November 27, 1474

Composer of the Renaissance (1397–1474)

Medieval era

Josquin des Prez

1455 – August 27, 1521

Composer of the Renaissance (c. 1450–1521)

Medieval era

Cimabue

1240 – 1302

Italian artist (1240–1302)

Medieval era

Duccio

1255 – 1319

Italian painter

Medieval era

Simone Martini

1284 – August 1, 1344

Italian painter

Medieval era

Lorenzo Ghiberti

1378 – December 1, 1455

Italian sculptor and architect (1378–1455)

Medieval era

Fra Filippo Lippi

1406 – October 8, 1469

Italian Renaissance painter (c. 1406–1469)

Medieval era

Andrea Mantegna

1431 – September 13, 1506

Italian Renaissance painter (1431-1506)

Medieval era

Giovanni Bellini

1430 – November 29, 1516

15th- and 16th-century Italian Renaissance painter (1430–1516)

Medieval era

Rogier van der Weyden

c. 1390 – June 18, 1464

Early Netherlandish painter (c. 1399–1464)

Medieval era

Hans Memling

1435 – August 11, 1494

German/Flemish painter (c. 1430–1494)

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Medieval era

Cynewulf

c. 900 CE – c. 900 CE

Anglo Saxon poet

Medieval era

John Gower

1330 – 1408

English writer and poet (c.1330–1408)

Medieval era

James I of Scotland

July 25, 1394 – February 21, 1437

King of Scots from 1406 to 1437

Medieval era

Robert Henryson

1425 – 1506

15th-century Scottish makar (poet)

Medieval era

Blind Harry

1440 – 1492

Scottish author of the poem The Wallace

Medieval era

Dafydd ap Gwilym

1320 – 1380

14th-century Welsh poet