Scientists

Medieval era

Paolo Toscanelli

April 21, 1397 – May 10, 1482

Florentine astronomer

Medieval era

Martin Behaim

October 6, 1459 – July 29, 1507

German navigator and geographer to the King of Portugal (1459–1507)

Medieval era

Luca Pacioli

1445 – 1517

Italian father of accounting (*~1445 – †1517)

Modern era

John Ball

August 20, 1818 – October 21, 1889

British politician, naturalist and Alpine traveller. (1818-1889)

Medieval era

Jacoba Felicie

b. c. 1300

Italian physician

Contemporary era

Roderic

b. February 19, 1956

American neuroscientist

Ancient era

Berossus

c. 400 BCE – c. 300 BCE

3rd-century BC Babylonian writer, priest and astronomer

Ancient era

Kidinnu

400 BCE – 330 BCE

Babylonian astronomer, possible creator of Babylonian System B ephemerides

Ancient era

Peseshet

c. 2500 BCE – c. 2500 BCE

Ancient Egyptian physician

Ancient era

Hesy-Ra

c. 2800 BCE – c. 2700 BCE

Ancient Egyptian dentist

Medieval era

Borzuya

c. 500 CE – c. 600 CE

Persian scientist

Modern era

Josiah

February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903

American scientist (1839–1903)

Ancient era

Herophilos

335 BCE – 280 BCE

Greek physician (335–280 BC)

Ancient era

Erasistratus

c. 305 BCE – 249 BCE

Ancient Greek physician

Ancient era

Hero of Alexandria

10 CE – 75 CE

Ancient Greek mathematician and engineer

Ancient era

Pappus of Alexandria

290 CE – 350 CE

4th century Greek mathematician

Ancient era

Diophantus

c. 201 CE – 284 CE

3rd century Alexandrian Greek mathematician

Modern era

Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan

c. 1882 – May 9, 1958

Figure of the Indian Independence Movement and Pakistani politician

Modern era

Sir Ziauddin Ahmad

February 13, 1878 – December 23, 1947

Indian mathematician and philosopher (1873-1947)

Modern era

Ram Manohar Lohia

March 23, 1910 – October 12, 1967

Indian politician (1910–1967)

Modern era

Lakshmi Sahgal

October 24, 1914 – July 23, 2012

Officer in the Indian National Army (INA) and former presidential candidate of India

Modern era

Matiur Rahman (military pilot)

b. September 1, 1940

Indian physicist (1940-)

Modern era

Anandi Gopal Joshi

March 31, 1865 – February 26, 1887

One of the first Indian woman doctor (1865-1887)

Modern era

Kadambini Ganguly

July 18, 1862 – October 3, 1923

Indian physician (1862–1923)

Modern era

Rukhmabai

November 22, 1864 – September 25, 1955

One of the first practicing women doctors in colonial India.

Modern era

Muthulakshmi Reddy

July 30, 1886 – July 22, 1968

Indian physician, surgeon, women's rights activist, social reformer and legislator (1886–1968)

Modern era

Iyothee Thass

May 20, 1845 – 1914

Indian activist

Modern era

Mary Poonen Lukose

August 2, 1886 – October 2, 1976

Indian gynecologist, obstetrician and the first female Surgeon General in India.

Modern era

Verrier Elwin

August 29, 1902 – February 22, 1964

British anthropologist (1902-1964)

Modern era

Upendranath Brahmachari

December 19, 1873 – February 6, 1946

Indian physician (1873–1946)

Modern era

Yellapragada Subbarow

January 12, 1895 – August 9, 1948

Indian-American scientist

Modern era

Kamala Sohonie

June 18, 1911 – June 28, 1998

Indian biochemist (1911–1998)

Modern era

Asima Chatterjee

September 23, 1917 – November 22, 2006

Indian chemist (1917–2006)

Modern era

Anna Mani

August 23, 1918 – August 16, 2001

Indian meteorologist

Modern era

Janaki Ammal

November 4, 1897 – February 7, 1984

Indian botanist (1897-1984)

Modern era

Birbal Sahni

November 14, 1891 – April 10, 1949

Indian botanist (1891-1949)

Modern era

Prafulla Chandra Ray

August 2, 1861 – June 16, 1944

Bengali chemist, educationist, poet, historian, industrialist and philanthropist (1861–1944)

Modern era

Radhanath Sikdar

1813 – May 17, 1870

Indian mathematician

Modern era

Ruchi Ram Sahni

April 5, 1863 – June 3, 1948

First Indian metrologist , freedom fighter and activist (1863-1948)

Modern era

Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar

February 21, 1894 – January 1, 1955

Indian chemist (1894–1955)

Modern era

Salim Ali

November 12, 1896 – July 27, 1987

Indian ornithologist (1896-1987)

Modern era

K. S. Krishnan

December 4, 1898 – June 14, 1961

Indian physicist (1898-1961)

Modern era

Meghnad Saha

October 6, 1893 – February 16, 1956

Bengali astrophysicist (1893–1956)

Modern era

Vainu Bappu

August 10, 1927 – August 19, 1982

Indian astronomer (1927-1982)

Modern era

G. N. Ramachandran

October 8, 1922 – April 7, 2001

Indian scientist (1922-2001)

Modern era

Sambhu Nath De

February 1, 1915 – April 15, 1985

Indian medical researcher (1915-1985)

Modern era

Dilip Mahalanabis

November 12, 1934 – 2022

Indian pediatrician (1934–2022)

Modern era

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis

June 29, 1893 – June 28, 1972

Indian scientist and statistician (1893–1972)

Modern era

M. S. Swaminathan

August 7, 1925 – September 28, 2023

Indian agronomist (1925–2023)

Modern era

Riazuddin

November 10, 1930 – September 9, 2013

Pakistani nuclear physicist (1930–2013)

Modern era

Ahmad Hassan Dani

June 20, 1920 – January 26, 2009

Pakistani intellectual, archaeologist, historian, and linguist (1920–2009)

Luke the Evangelist

d. 84 CE

One of the four evangelists

Ancient era

Saint Valentine

175 CE – February 14, 273 CE

3rd-century Roman Christian saint (175–273)

Ancient era

Anaximander

620 BCE – 547 BCE

Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher

Ancient era

Anaxagoras

500 BCE – 428 BCE

5th-century BC Greek philosopher

Ancient era

Empedocles

490 BCE – 430 BCE

5th century BC Greek philosopher

Ancient era

Aristarchus of Samos

310 BCE – 230 BCE

Greek astronomer and mathematician (c.310–c.230 BC)

Ancient era

Hipparchus

190 BCE – 120 BCE

2nd century Greek astronomer, geographer and mathematician

Ancient era

Pliny the Elder

c. 20 CE – 79 CE

Roman military commander and writer (AD23/24–79)

Ancient era

Cato the Elder

234 BCE – 149 BCE

Roman politician, soldier and writer (234–149 BC)